Geospatial Data Analysis, Prediction, and GeoAI:
New Theories, Methods, and Software

This lecture series provides a comprehensive overview of the latest theories, analytical methods, and software tools for spatial research and applications. Students will learn how to design and conduct spatial analysis, handle diverse geospatial and remote sensing data, and apply advanced modeling and GeoAI techniques to address complex problems in sustainability, urban development, natural, built and social environments, and decision-making.

Course Overview
🎯 Learning Objectives

By completing this eight-topic course, students will develop the skills required to conduct end-to-end spatial analysis using advanced models and software, and will be equipped to apply these methods to practical problems and high-level research publications.

📚 Reading List

Download the Lecture Outline and Reading List (PDF) for foundational references and topic-by-topic readings.

📋 Assignment Requirements
📦 Additional Resources
Topics & Materials

Topic 1. Introduction to Spatial Modelling and Prediction

GeoAI OPGD GD R Package Spatial Heterogeneity

Why spatial methods are needed for prediction; GeoAI concepts, history, and emerging trends; sustainable infrastructure case study; OPGD model and the GD R package for determinant analysis.

Topic 2. Spatial Modelling for Heterogeneity and Determinant Analysis

GOZH LISP Spatial Stratified Heterogeneity

Concepts of local and spatial stratified heterogeneity; the GOZH model for optimal zone-based analysis; LISP for local driver analysis.

Topic 3. Spatial Modelling for Prediction

Kriging SDA GOS SecDim R Package

General process of spatial prediction; Kriging fundamentals and geostatistics; Second-Dimension Spatial Association (SDA); Geographically Optimal Similarity (GOS) model.

Topic 4. Spatial Patterns for Prediction

Geocomplexity SDO Spatial Patterns

Spatial pattern identification and quantification (clusters, gradients, hotspots); Geocomplexity theory and measurement; Second-Dimension Outliers (SDO) for prediction.

Topic 5. Research Design, Spatial & Remote Sensing Data Collection, and Pre-processing

Research Design Spatial Sampling Google Earth Engine Pre-processing

Experiment design for spatial prediction; data collection strategies; spatial stratified random sampling; pre-processing workflow (missing values, multicollinearity, outliers, normalization).

Topic 6. Spatial Validation Methods

Cross-Validation Block CV NNDM RMSE

Why spatial validation is critical; k-fold cross-validation; spatial block cross-validation; comparison of random CV vs. block CV vs. NNDM approaches.

Topic 7. Spatial Decision-Making and Applications

Entropy Weighting Composite Index Urban Sustainability

Model-based spatial decision-making; entropy-weighting for multi-criteria aggregation; constructing composite urbanization indices; spatial mapping and visualization.

Topic 8. Geospatial Intelligence (GeoAI) and Spatial Big Data for Urban Sustainability

GeoAI Machine Learning GAM caret R Package

GeoAI definition, scope, and history; emerging trends (heterogeneity-aware GeoAI, geo-foundation models, spatial representation learning); machine learning with GAM using the caret package.

Q&A

Answers to students' questions are continuously updated here.

  1. Topic 4
    • analysis code.R, line 27: change sf_data to sf.data
  2. Topic 5
    • Australia extent: ext_aus <- ext(112, 154, -44, -10)
    • China extent: ext_china <- ext(73, 135, 18, 54)
    • Canada: ext_canada <- ext(-141, -52, 41, 83)
    • Europe: ext_europe <- ext(-25, 45, 34, 72)
    • Africa: ext_africa <- ext(-20, 55, -35, 38)
    • South America: ext_south_america <- ext(-82, -34, -56, 13)
    • US: ext_us <- ext(-125, -66.5, 24, 49.5)
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