Geospatial Theories and Methods
40 innovative methods across 24 research themes · 12 open-source R packages · 260,000+ downloads
Members
Zehua Zhang
RID · HSA · RGD · GIGNN · LPI
Zehua Zhang
Postdoc Researcher
Curtin University
PhD: Curtin University (Chancellor's Commendation Award)
Master: University of Melbourne (with Distinction)
Email: Zehua.Zhang@curtin.edu.au
Homepage: ResearchGate
Curtin University
PhD: Curtin University (Chancellor's Commendation Award)
Master: University of Melbourne (with Distinction)
Email: Zehua.Zhang@curtin.edu.au
Homepage: ResearchGate
- Robust Interaction Detector (RID). Spatial Statistics. Highly Cited Paper.
- Heterogeneous spatial autocorrelation (HSA). Int. J. Geogr. Inf. Sci. (Top 4 Most Read Article, 2025) R Code for HSA model
- Geocomplexity explains spatial errors. Int. J. Geogr. Inf. Sci. (Top 30 Most Cited, 2025; Top 1 Most Read, 2023) R package "geocomplexity"
- Robust geographical detector (RGD). Int. J. Appl. Earth Obs. Geoinf. Python Code for RGD model
- Geographically informed graph neural network (GIGNN). Spatial Statistics.
- Local effects of pattern interaction (LPI). Int. J. Appl. Earth Obs. Geoinf.
Peng Luo
GHM · GOZH · GPI · LESH · STUH · FFRK
Peng Luo
Assistant Professor
University of Iowa & MIT
PhD: Technical University of Munich
Master: Peking University
Email: peng-luo@uiowa.edu
Homepage: peng-luo.com
University of Iowa & MIT
PhD: Technical University of Munich
Master: Peking University
Email: peng-luo@uiowa.edu
Homepage: peng-luo.com
- Generalized Heterogeneity Model (GHM). Int. J. Geogr. Inf. Sci. (Top 4 Most Cited, 2025; Top 10 Most Read, 2024)
- Geocomplexity explains spatial errors. Int. J. Geogr. Inf. Sci. (Top 30 Most Cited, 2025; Top 1 Most Read, 2023)
- Geographically Optimal Zones-based Heterogeneity (GOZH). ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens. R Code for GOZH model: Code 1; Code 2
- Geographical Pattern Interaction (GPI). Int. J. Geogr. Inf. Sci. (Top 1 Most Read, 2025)
- Locally explained heterogeneity model. Int. J. Digital Earth. R Code for LESH model
- Spatio-temporal unmixing with heterogeneity (STUH). Int. J. Appl. Earth Obs. Geoinf.
- Focal-Feature Regression Kriging (FFRK). Geographical Analysis.
Pengcheng Zhang
DSTGN · GMS · DG · SPOCA
Pengcheng Zhang
PhD Researcher: The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
Email: zpcscholar@gmail.com
Email: zpcscholar@gmail.com
Yang Li
GPI · LESH
Yang Li
Postdoc Researcher:
Beihang University
PhD: Beijing Normal University
Email: isliyang@buaa.edu.cn
Homepage: ResearchGate
Beihang University
PhD: Beijing Normal University
Email: isliyang@buaa.edu.cn
Homepage: ResearchGate
Jiao Hu
LISP · LPA · LPI
Jiao Hu
Research Associate:
Curtin University
PhD: Chengdu University of Technology
Email: jiao.hu@curtin.edu.au
Homepage: ResearchGate
Curtin University
PhD: Chengdu University of Technology
Email: jiao.hu@curtin.edu.au
Homepage: ResearchGate
Rui Qu
LPA
Rui Qu
Research Associate:
Curtin University
PhD: Chengdu University of Technology
Email: rui.qu@curtin.edu.au
Curtin University
PhD: Chengdu University of Technology
Email: rui.qu@curtin.edu.au
Xinyue Yang
Anisotropy
Xinyue Yang
Kai Ren
SOH · SDO · Anisotropy
Kai Ren
Haiyang Liu
DSI · LPI · DG
Haiyang Liu
PhD Researcher:
Hokkaido University, Japan
Email: haiyang.liu.q6@elms.hokudai.ac.jp
Homepage: kevinoceanliu.github.io
Hokkaido University, Japan
Email: haiyang.liu.q6@elms.hokudai.ac.jp
Homepage: kevinoceanliu.github.io
Lai Chen
ST-MST
Lai Chen
Wenbo Lyu
tEDM · gdverse
Yilong Wu
FFRK · ESDA
PART I
Spatial Prediction via Spatial Feature Modeling
1. Spatial validation
2. Spatial association
3. Spatial outliers
4. Spatial autocorrelation
5. Geostatistics & kriging
6. Geocomplexity
7. Geographical similarity
8. Spatial graph network
9. Spatial fusion
10. Spatial transformer
11. Generalized heterogeneity
PART II
Spatial Heterogeneity and Driver Analysis
12. Spatial heterogeneity
🏆 Highly Cited Paper (Top 1%)No.1 Most Cited Ever
13. Robust spatial models
14. Spatial interaction
15. Causal discovery
16. Spatial anisotropy
17. Spatial path analysis
18. Spatial segmentation
19. Spatial unmixing
PART III
Spatial Urban Methods: Patterns, Accessibility, and Decisions
20. Spatial accessibility
21. Spatial trade-off
22. Spatial boundary
23. Spatial decision-making
24. Spatial optimization
Open-Source Geospatial Software (260,000+ downloads)
Optimal Parameters-based Geographical Detectors (OPGD) for spatial factor exploration. R package "GD" | publication
– Highly Cited Paper · No. 1 Most Cited Article in GIScience & Remote Sensing in 2021–2023
Geographically Optimal Similarity (GOS) for spatial prediction. R package "geosimilarity" | publication
Second-Dimension Spatial Association (SDA) for spatial prediction. R package "SecDim" | publication
Geocomplexity. R package "geocomplexity" | publication
Interactive Detector for Spatial Association (IDSA) for spatial factor exploration. R package "IDSA" | publication
– No. 2 Most Cited Article in IJGIS in 2021–2023
Homogenous Segmentation (HS) for segmenting spatial lines data. R package "HS" | publication
Energy Decomposition Analysis (EDA) for analysing carbon emission factors. R package "EDA" | publication
SDGdetector: Detecting Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Text. R package "SDGdetector" | publication
gdverse: Analysis of Spatial Stratified Heterogeneity. R package "gdverse" | publication
localsp: Local Indicator of Stratified Power. R package "localsp" | publication
cisp: A Correlation Indicator Based on Spatial Patterns. R package "cisp" | publication